What Financial Statements are Required for a Business if I’m Filing Bankruptcy?

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If you are self-employed or own your own business, you should prepare monthly financial statements to understand how your business is performing.  Realistically, financial statements are often the last thing a small business owner worries about.  He or she is usually more concerned about how to make the next sale or generate the next contract.  However, when an individual files bankruptcy, the financial statements of the business are required to determine the profitability of the business as well as the value of the business.

For our purposes, there are two basic financial statements for your business that will be required when you file personal bankruptcy:  a profit and loss and a balance sheet.

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The profit and loss reflects the profitability of the business over a period of time.  It takes into consideration the business’s income, expenses and the resulting profit or loss.  The period of time could be weekly, monthly, quarterly, annually, etc.  For the bankruptcy, we will want the profit and loss for each of the six months prior to filing bankruptcy as well as a current period year-to-date.  For example, if you are filing bankruptcy in April 2011, you would need the profit and loss statements for October, November, and December 2010 as well as January, February and March 2011.  In addition, an April 2011 year-to-date profit and loss would also be required.  We will look at the component of a profit and loss in more detail in another blog post.

The balance sheet reflects the value of the company at a point in time.  It is usually considered the most important financial statement for the business, but oddly enough, it is often overlooked by everyone except for your accountant and banker.   The balance sheet takes into consideration the profit or loss for the company as well as the assets and liabilities for the company.  A balance sheet is sometimes referred to as the thermometer of the business, since you can use it to check the business’ “temperature” to determine if it is “healthy – 98.6” or “sick – 102.”  The balance sheet reflects the true value of the business at a point in time, such as March 30, 2011.  If on March 30, 2011 your business has a value of $10,000, you should be able to sell the business for $10,000 if you have a willing and able buyer.  We will look at the components of a balance sheet in another blog post.

Preparing and understanding the financial statements for your business can be an overwhelming task.  Many small businesses purchase accounting software to help them prepare the financial statement or they may hire an accountant to assist the business owners.  Let’s look at a simplified version in the blog post, The Basics of Understanding Financial Statements for Your Business.

Can I Pay My Family or Friends Back Before I File Bankruptcy?

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Well, you can, but it’s probably not the best idea.  Family members and friends for the fact of the matter are considered “inside” creditors, as labeled in the bankruptcy code 11 U.S.C § 101 (31)(A)(i).   Because this is a loan from your family or friend and was never recorded, they are not looked at the same way as a regular creditor such as a credit card or a mortgage.

Daughter and Mother

You are required to list any payments that you have made that are over $600 in your petition.  But the court is going to look into where your payments went.  Did you pay your mother back $800 and not any other creditors?  If that is the case, the court could look at it as if you were playing “favorites” (meaning, you were choosing to pay her over another creditor) and the Trustee would have the right to go back to your mother and demand that she turn the funds that she took from you and give them to the bankruptcy Trustee for them to distribute to your creditors.  Meaning that you and her both would lose out on the money.

As in any case, each case is different and if this pertains to your situation you will need to discuss it with your bankruptcy attorney, so that he or she may properly advise you.

What if Creditors Keep Calling After I’ve Filed Bankruptcy?

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When you file bankruptcy, an “automatic stay” goes into effect against all of your creditors. The automatic stay, Section 362(a) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, among other things, prohibits creditors from contacting you to collect a pre-petition debt. In short, no more harassing phone calls from your creditors! This is one of many advantages the law offers to individuals who file Chapter 7 bankruptcy or Chapter 13 bankruptcy.
Smartphone IconAll of the creditors listed in your bankruptcy will receive notice within 5 business days when your bankruptcy petition is filed. This notice is sent to every creditor, both electronically and by mail. Generally, most creditors will stop all collection attempts immediately after they receive notice of the bankruptcy.

Should you receive phone calls from any of your creditors after you’ve filed bankruptcy be sure and let the creditor know you filed bankruptcy and provide them with your case number, the filing date and the name and phone number of your attorney. It is important that you document all of the phone calls you receive from the creditor by writing down the date and time you receive the calls and the name of the person you talked to. If a creditor continues calling you after you’ve informed them of your bankruptcy filing, they are in violation of the automatic stay and you should contact your attorney to let them know. Most likely your attorney will call the creditor and give them a courtesy warning to stop making contact with the debtor. At that point, if the creditor continues with their collection efforts by calling or sending you bills, your attorney may choose to file sanctions against the creditor for violating the automatic stay.

Can I Keep My Car Lease if I File Bankruptcy?

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When filing bankruptcy you have the option to continue to pay for your car lease payment or you can opt out of your car lease payment.  In a bankruptcy you can legally be released from many of your contractual obligations, this includes things like cell phone contracts, apartment leases, and even a car lease.  In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy those debts will be wiped out. In a Chapter 13 bankruptcy you will pay back only a portion of the total amount owed.

For example, John Doe has one year left on a car lease and is paying $300 a month.  If he does not want to continue the lease and at the time of filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy he will return the car (after speaking with his bankruptcy attorney first) and will no longer be responsible for that $300 payment each month. Therefore, the additional $3,600 that John Doe would have paid through the end of his lease will be included in his bankruptcy.  In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy the $3,600 will be wiped out. If, instead, John Doe were filing a Chapter 13 bankruptcy then he would be responsible for a portion of the remaining balance.

There are some important things to consider before deciding not to continue the lease. First, and probably the most obvious, is that you will need to return the car.  If that car is your family’s only means of transportation and is a reasonable lease you may want to think twice before surrendering the lease into the bankruptcy.

Another factor to consider is if anyone else’s name is on the lease.  If you and your mother, or boyfriend/girlfriend etc. have both signed the lease then once you release that lease into bankruptcy that other person becomes solely responsible for the financial obligations of that lease.  For example, if John Doe is filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and his mother has co-signed the lease with him, she will be solely responsible for the lease payments if he surrenders the lease.

There are a number of things to keep in mind when deciding whether or not to keep your car lease when filing bankruptcy. It is important to know your options and to understand that you can surrender the lease if it is in your best interest.  If you chose to keep the lease then you would just continue your monthly payments as usual. As long as you are current on all payments most things in the lease would remain the same.

Do I Need an Attorney to File Bankruptcy?

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The law does not require a person to hire an attorney to file bankruptcy.  The bankruptcy can be filed “pro se” where you represent yourself.  However, an individual is taking a risk by not hiring an experienced attorney to navigate the court system and to ensure the paperwork is prepared correctly.

It is extremely important that all schedules required by the bankruptcy court are properly prepared and filed with the court in a timely manner.  The bankruptcy court may dismiss the bankruptcy case if schedules are missing.  In addition, an individual risks losing their assets – cash, houses, cars, businesses, etc. – if the bankruptcy paperwork is not prepared in a way that fully protects the filer’s assets. Read more

Do I Still Have to Make Mortgage Payments While I’m in Bankruptcy?

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Once you decide to file Bankruptcy, whether it is a Chapter 7 bankruptcy or Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you will need to decide if you intend on keeping your home.  If you qualify for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing and you wish to keep your home, you will need to be current with your mortgage payment(s) and your homeowners’ association dues at the time of filing.  As per federal bankruptcy law, you must remain current throughout the duration of the bankruptcy; this includes first, second, third mortgages attached to the home, as well as, your homeowner’s association dues.  If you fail to keep current with your mortgage payment(s) or your homeowners’ association dues, the “relief from stay” can and most likely will be lifted and the mortgage company or the homeowner’s association may initiate foreclosure proceedings on the home.

Family in Front of House

In a Chapter 13 bankruptcy filing, you will make monthly payments to the Trustee’s office.  The Trustee will then distribute those funds to your creditors.  The creditor payments are according to priority deemed by the Bankruptcy Court.  Your mortgage lender is almost always one of the creditors at the top of the list.  Therefore, you will not be making direct payment to your mortgage lender if you are behind on payments.  This payment will be included in your Chapter 13 payment plan and the Trustee’s office will make the mortgage payment from the funds you send each month.   An exception would be your homeowners’ association dues, which you will continue to make payment directly to the homeowners’ association.  Also, in some districts if you are current on your mortgage payment the Trustee will allow you to make direct mortgage payments to the mortgage company.

Regardless of which type of bankruptcy you plan to file, if you want to keep your house you will need to continue to make your mortgage payments and stay current on your payments.